Cross-Examination & Clarification

交叉质询与澄清

One team cross-examines the other team's arguments, asking challenging questions to expose weaknesses, seek clarification, or elicit specific information.

一方团队对另一方团队的论点进行交叉质询，提出挑战性问题以揭示弱点、寻求澄清或获取具体信息。

对话

聆听并跟进对话

Prosecution Team Lead (Male)

Thank you. My question for the affirmative is this: Your proposal heavily relies on increased public sector funding, but you've offered no concrete plan for how to mitigate the inevitable tax burden on middle-income households. Could you elaborate on that, please?

谢谢。我对正方的提问是：你们的提案严重依赖于增加公共部门资金，但你们没有提供具体的计划来减轻中等收入家庭不可避免的税收负担。请您详细说明一下，好吗？

Affirmative Team Member (Female)

Certainly. Our plan outlines a progressive tax increase on corporate profits and high-net-worth individuals, specifically targeting those who can afford to contribute more without significant impact on their livelihood or economic activity. We believe this approach minimizes the burden on middle-income families.

当然。我们的计划概述了对公司利润和高净值个人实行累进税制，专门针对那些有能力在不严重影响其生计或经济活动的情况下做出更多贡献的人。我们相信这种方法能最大限度地减轻中等收入家庭的负担。

Prosecution Team Lead (Male)

I appreciate the clarification regarding the source of funding. However, you stated 'minimizes the burden,' but given the scale of your proposed social programs, is it truly minimal? Can you provide any projections or data to support the claim that this will not indirectly impact middle-income households through increased consumer prices or reduced job growth?

我感谢您对资金来源的澄清。然而，您说‘最小化负担’，但考虑到您提议的社会项目的规模，这真的是最小的吗？您能提供任何预测或数据来支持这一主张，即这不会通过提高消费价格或减少就业增长而间接影响中等收入家庭吗？

Affirmative Team Member (Female)

We anticipate a short-term, negligible inflationary impact, counterbalanced by the long-term economic benefits of a healthier, better-educated workforce. Our economic models, which we can provide for review, suggest that the increased purchasing power and reduced social costs will offset any minor price increases, particularly for essential goods.

我们预计短期内通胀影响微不足道，而更健康、受过更好教育的劳动力带来的长期经济效益将抵消这一影响。我们的经济模型，我们可以提供审查，表明增加的购买力和降低的社会成本将抵消任何轻微的价格上涨，特别是对于必需品。

Prosecution Team Lead (Male)

So, if I understand correctly, you're suggesting that the trickle-down effect of social improvements will directly alleviate the tax burden, rather than addressing it with direct fiscal policy? Could you confirm that interpretation?

所以，如果我理解正确的话，你们是在暗示社会进步的涓滴效应将直接减轻税收负担，而不是通过直接的财政政策来解决？您能确认这种解释吗？

Affirmative Team Member (Female)

That's not entirely accurate. While we do project long-term societal benefits, our initial fiscal policy, as stated, directly taxes corporate profits and high-net-worth individuals. The improvements in workforce health and education are supplementary benefits, not the primary mechanism for mitigating the initial tax burden. Is that clearer?

这不完全准确。虽然我们确实预计会有长期的社会效益，但我们最初的财政政策，如前所述，直接对公司利润和高净值个人征税。劳动力健康和教育方面的改善是补充性效益，而不是减轻最初税收负担的主要机制。这样更清楚了吗？

Prosecution Team Lead (Male)

It clarifies the distinction. My final point on this: your models, as you mentioned, are projections. Have you considered any contingency plans should the economic benefits not materialize as quickly or as effectively as anticipated, leading to prolonged inflationary pressures or a slower return on investment for these programs?

它澄清了区别。关于这一点，我的最后一点是：你们提到的模型是预测。你们有没有考虑过，如果经济效益没有像预期那样快速或有效地实现，导致长时间的通胀压力或这些项目的投资回报较慢，有没有什么应急计划？

Affirmative Team Member (Female)

Yes, our framework includes periodic reviews and a built-in flexibility mechanism. If economic indicators deviate significantly from projections, specific program allocations can be adjusted without compromising core objectives. We also include a buffer in our initial funding estimates. We're confident in our projections, but prepared for contingencies.

是的，我们的框架包括定期审查和内置的灵活性机制。如果经济指标与预测出现显著偏差，可以调整具体项目拨款，而不损害核心目标。我们还在初始资金估算中包含了一个缓冲。我们对预测充满信心，但也为意外情况做好了准备。

词汇

对话中的必备词汇和短语

mitigate

To make a problem or negative effect less serious or severe. In debates, use it when discussing ways to reduce risks, like 'mitigate the tax burden.'

使问题或负面影响不那么严重或剧烈。在辩论中，使用它来讨论减少风险的方法，比如'缓解税收负担'。

elaborate

To explain something in more detail. It's polite in discussions; say 'Could you elaborate?' to ask for clearer information.

更详细地解释某事。在讨论中礼貌；说‘能阐述一下吗？’来请求更清晰的信息。

progressive tax

A tax system where richer people or companies pay a higher percentage. Useful in policy talks to describe fair funding methods.

一种税收制度，其中更富有的人或公司支付更高的百分比。在政策讨论中，用于描述公平的资金筹集方法。

burden

A heavy load or responsibility, often financial. In debates, refer to 'tax burden' for the pressure taxes put on people.

沉重的负荷或责任，通常是财务上的。在辩论中，'税收负担'指的是税收给人们带来的压力。

projections

Estimates or predictions about future results, based on data. Common in arguments to support claims, like economic projections.

基于数据的未来结果估计或预测。在论据中常见，用于支持主张，例如经济预测。

contingency plans

Backup plans for unexpected problems. In discussions, mention them to show preparedness, like for policy risks.

针对意外问题的备份计划。在讨论中，提及它们以显示准备就绪，例如针对政策风险。

framework

A basic structure or system for organizing ideas or plans. Use it in debates to describe overall approaches, like 'our framework includes reviews.'

用于组织想法或计划的基本结构或系统。在辩论中使用它来描述整体方法，例如‘我们的框架包括审查’。

buffer

Something that protects against shocks or losses, like extra money in budgets. Practical for talking about financial safety nets.

防止冲击或损失的东西，比如预算中的额外资金。用于谈论金融安全网很实用。

关键句型

需要记住和练习的重要短语

Could you elaborate on that, please?

This is a polite question to ask for more details. Use it in debates or conversations to seek clarification. The structure uses 'could you' for politeness and 'please' to be courteous.

这是一个礼貌地询问更多细节的问题。在辩论或对话中使用它来寻求澄清。结构使用 'could you' 来表示礼貌，以及 'please' 来表示礼貌。

Certainly. Our plan outlines a progressive tax increase...

Starts a response positively with 'Certainly' (meaning 'of course'). Useful for agreeing to explain. 'Outlines' means describes the main points; great for presenting plans in discussions.

以“Certainly”积极地开始回应（意为“当然”）。用于同意解释很有用。“Outlines”意为描述主要要点；在讨论中呈现计划很棒。

I appreciate the clarification regarding the source of funding.

Shows thanks for explanation with 'I appreciate.' Useful to acknowledge points in debates, building rapport. 'Regarding' means 'about'; common in formal talks.

用 'I appreciate.' 表达对解释的感谢。在辩论中承认观点很有用，有助于建立 rapport。'Regarding' 意为 'about'；在正式谈话中常见。

We anticipate a short-term, negligible inflationary impact...

Predicts future effects with 'anticipate' (expect). 'Negligible' means very small. Helpful for economic discussions; use to balance pros and cons in arguments.

使用“anticipate”（预期）来预测未来的影响。“Negligible”意思是非常小的。有助于经济讨论；用于在论点中平衡利弊。

So, if I understand correctly, you're suggesting that...

Checks comprehension politely. 'If I understand correctly' paraphrases to confirm. Essential in cross-examinations to avoid misunderstandings; structure uses 'so' for transition.

礼貌地检查理解度。'如果我理解正确'是用于确认的释义。在交叉询问中至关重要，以避免误解；结构使用'那么'进行过渡。

That's not entirely accurate.

Politely corrects a misunderstanding. 'Not entirely accurate' softens disagreement. Use in debates to refute without offending; good for intermediate learners to handle challenges.

礼貌地纠正误解。'并不完全准确'缓和分歧。在辩论中使用来反驳而不冒犯；适合中级学习者处理挑战。

It clarifies the distinction.

Acknowledges clearer understanding of differences. 'Clarifies' means makes clear; 'distinction' means difference. Useful after explanations to show progress in dialogue.

承认对差异的更清晰理解。“Clarifies”意为使清楚；“distinction”意为区别。在解释后使用，以显示对话的进展很有用。

We're confident in our projections, but prepared for contingencies.

Expresses belief with caution using 'but.' 'Confident in' shows trust; 'prepared for' means ready. Practical for ending arguments, balancing optimism with realism.

使用'but'谨慎地表达信念。'Confident in'显示信任；'prepared for'意味着准备好了。实用用于结束争论，平衡乐观与现实主义。